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They also have a good weight/size to power ratio.
Such motors have little rotor inertia. The coils are attached to the stator. The commutation is
controlled by electronics. Commutation times are provided either by position sensors or by coils
Back Electromotive Force measurements.
In sensor mode, Brushless DC motors usually consist of three main parts: a Stator, a Rotor and
Hall Sensors.
2.1
Stator
A basic three phases BLDC motor Stator has three coils. In many motors the number of coils is
replicated to have a smaller torque ripple.
Figure 1 shows the electrical schematic of the stator. It consists of three coils each including
three elements in series, an inductance, a resistance and one back electromotive force.
Figure 1. Stator Electrical Configuration (Three phases, three coils)
U
L,R
Bemf U
Bemf W
Bemf V
2.2
Rotor
W
L,R
L,R
V
The rotor in a BLDC motor consists of an even number of permanent magnets. The number of
magnetic poles in the rotor also affects the step size and torque ripple of the motor. More poles
give smaller steps and less torque ripple. The permanent magnets go from 1 to 5 pairs of poles.
In certain cases it can go up to 8 pairs of poles.( Figure 2 ).
Figure 2. Three phase, three coil BLDC motor stator and rotor
coil U
Rotor
Stator
coil U
Rotor
Stator
coil W
N
S
coil W
N
S
S
N
coil V
1 pair of poles
coil V
2 pairs of poles
2
AVR194
8138A–AVR–04/08
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